The NCS Color System - or Natural Color System - is based on color perception, and describes colors as we actually see them. The system is not associated with any particular industry, like for example the PANTONE or RAL systems.
As opposed to other color systems like RGB and CMYK which define colors by their "physical" components, NCS defines each color by its position in the color circle with its four "directions"; Yellow, Red, Blue and, Green as well as a "blackness" and a "chromaticness" factor.
When you know the NCS system, you can rather easily visualize a given color just by its notation, contrary to e.g. RGB, PANTONE, or RAL.
You can read more about the NCS Color System at www.ncscolor.com.